Proteksi Radiasi

Tujuan proteksi radiasi adalah :

Pada pasien : dosis radiasi diberikan sekscil mungkin sesuai dengan keharusan klinis

Pada personel : dosis radiasi yang diterima harus ditekan serendah mungkin dan dalam keadaan bagaimanapun juga tidak boleh melebihi dosis maksimum yang diperkenankan

Untuk proteksi radiasi perlu diperhatikan :

- Pemeriksaan sinar-X hanya atas permintaan dokter
- Pemakaian filtrasi maksimum pada sinar primer
- Pemakaian voltage yang lebih tinggi (bila mungkin) sehingga daya tembusnya lebih kuat
- Jarak fokus dengan pasien jangan terlalu pendek, sehubungan ini berlaku hukum kuadrat terbalik yaitu intensitas sinar-X berbanding terbalik dnegan jarak pangkat dua.

Jarak fokus dengan kulit pada :

- Sinar tembus tidak boleh kurang dari 45 cm
- Radiografi tidak boleh kurang dari 90 cm
- Daerah yang disinari harus sekecil mungkin, misalnya dengan mempergunakan konus (untuk radiografi) atau diagframa (untuk sinar tembus)
- Waktu penyinaran sesingkat mungkin. Contohnya, pada pemeriksaan sinar tembus pada salah satu bagian tubuh tidak boleh lebih dari 5 menit.
- Alat-alat kelamin dilindungi sebisanya. Seperti pada pasien yang hamil, terutama pada trimester pertama, tidak boleh diperiksa radiologi.
- Proteksi terhadap dokter pemeriksa dan petugas radiologi lainnya :
- Hindari penyinaran bagian-bagian tubuh yang tidak dilindungi
- Pemakaian sarung tangan, apron atau baju pelindung yang berlapis Pb dengan tebal maksimum 0.5 mm.
- Hindari melakukan sinar tembus, usahakan melakukan radiografi
- Hindari pemeriksaan sinar tembus untuk tulang-tulang kepala (head fluoroscopy)
- Akomodasi mata sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan sinar tembus paling sedikit 20 menit.
- Gunakan alat-alat pengukur sinar roentgen.

Pemeriksaan sebelum pakai, misalnya :

- Perlindungan terhadap bahaya elektris
- Adanya kebocoran terhadap tabung pesawat
- Voltage yang aman dan lamanya
- Pemeriksaan rutin terhadap kemungkinan bocor atau rusaknya perlengkapan-perlengkapan pelindung berlapis Pb.

Alat – alat pelindung pada radiografi meliputi :

- Diagframa cahaya ( light beam diagframa )
- Konus ( conus )
- Pelindung gonad ( gonad shield )
- Pelindung ovarium ( ovarium shield )
- Apron timbal ( lead apron )
- Sarung tangan timbal ( lead gloves)
- Kaca timbal ( lead glass )
- Karet timbal ( lead rubber )

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Phantom ECG

Untuk simulasi jantung buatan. Alat ini digunakan untuk kalibrasi ECG, karena dengan phantom ECG, kita dapat mengatur pola waveform ECG yang kita inginkan.

12 leads I,II,III,avR,avL,avF,V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6

Waveforms 8 sinus rhythms (normal QRS)
30,45,60,75,90,120,150,180 BPM
7 supraventricular arrhythmia
9 ventricular arrhythmia
3 pacemaker
2 ST segments (elevation, depression)
Each with horizontal, ascending and descending ST wave
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
ECG with artefacts
ECG with interference 50/60 Hz

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Alasan Memilih Rumah Sakit

 
Siapa yang mau sakit. Tidak enak rasanya sakit, segala aktivitas yang kita lakukan menjadi terhenti. Untuk itu diperlukan pemeriksaan dan pelayanan kesehatan di fasilitas kesehatan. Salah satunya adalah di rumah sakit. Ada alasan beberapa mengapa seseorang memilih suatu rumah sakit untuk tempat dia berobat. 


Suara terbanyak di antaranya adalah :

1. Mutu pelayanan tenaga paramedis dan reputasi rumah sakit yang baik
2. Rujukan pengantar dari dokter
3. Rujukan penggantian asuransi, misalnya rumah sakit tersebut menjalin kerjasama dengan BPJS, Polis Asuransi  atau fasilitas dari kantor 
4. Adanya dokter tertentu yang dituju menjadi langganan
5. Keramahan para tenaga kesehatan dan dokter yang memberikan pelayanan
6. Ketersediaan fasilitas pelayanan penunjang yang lengkap dan canggih 
7. Ketersediaan fasilitas umum dan rawat inap yang nyaman dan lengkap
8. Biaya opname yang terjangkau 
9. Waktu dan jadwal dokter yang sesuai
10. Kebersihan dan keamanan lingkungan rumah sakit 
11. Jarak yang dekat dari rumah ataupun kantor 
12. Keramahan dan pelayanan yang baik dari staff RS 
13. Citra (gengsi) dari rumah sakit yang bonafit tempat dirawat
14. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer di Rumah Sakit lebih lengkap daripada di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan sekunder seperti puskesmas dan  klinik dokter 
15. Rekomendasi dari saudara dan teman
16. Adanya tempat menunggu bagi keluarga saat rawat inap
17. Mudah mencari parkir

Kalau Anda, apa alasan anda memilih suatu rumah sakit untuk melakukan suatu pengobatan ?

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Puncak EKG, segmen dan jarak-waktu

EKG adalah suatu gambaran grafis dari perbedaan potensial antara dua titik pada permukaan tubuh. Dengan ini terjadi kurva, yang terdiri dari berbagai puncak, yang terdiri dari berbagai puncak. Puncak yang menuju ke atas disebut positif, dan yang menuju ke bawah disebut negatif.

Puncak P disebabkan karena depolaritas atrium. Q, R dan S membentuk bersama-sama kompleks QRS, dan ini adalah hasil depolarisasi ventrikel. Setelah kompleks QRS, menyusul puncak T, yang merupakan ungkapan dari repolarisasi ventrikel.

Peranan dari puncak U, tidaklah begitu penting, dan berkaitan antara lain dengan konsentrasi kalsium dan kalium dalam darah. Terjadi puncak U ini, kemungkinan disebabkan karena repolarisasi dari serabut Purkinje.

Bahwa repolarisasi dari atrium sering tidak jelas terlihat pada EKG adalah disebabkan karena gelombang repolarisasi ini (T) kira-kira terjadi bersamaan dengan depolarisasi ventrikel (QRS) sehingga hilang ke dalamnya. Pemberian nama dari puncak-puncak dalam kompleks QRS, adalah sebagai berikut. Gelombang pertama, bila negatif dinamakan Q.
Defleksi positif pertama adalah R. Defleksi positif kedua disebut R’. Defleksi negatif pertama sesudah R disebut S, suatu defleksi negatif sesudah R’ dan S’. Huruf kecil q, r dan s, dan berturut-turut r’ dan s’, digunakan bila defleksinya adalah kecil. Besarnya suatu defleksi adalah relatif dan mempunyai hubungan dengan refleksi sebelum atau sesudahnya, di dalam kompleks QRS yang sama.



Note :

Kalau secara Bahasa Inggris disebut dengan ECG

Atrium – serambi jantung

Depolarisasi – aktivasi, eksitasi

EKG – elektrokardiogram, perekaman dari perbedaan potensial elektris yang terjadi sewaktu siklus jantung

Repolarisasi – pemulihan kembali, dari potensial waktu istirahat

Serabut Purkinje – suatu anyaman dari serabut, yang membentuk hubungan, antara cabang berkas His, dengan sel-sel miokard dari ventrikel

His, berkas – berkas dengan kemampuan menghantarkan rangsangan secara cepat, yang berjalan dari simpul atrio ventrikuler ke sel-sel ventrikel

Miokard – jaringan otot jantung

Ventrikel – kamar jantung

English

The basic ECG waveform consists of three recognisable deflections. These were named as "P wave", "QRS complex" and "T wave" by Einthoven.

The P wave represents the spread of electrical activation (depolarisation) through the atrial myocardium. Normally, it is a smooth, rounded deflection preceding the QRS complex.

The QRS complex represents the spread of electrical activation through the ventricular myocardium. It is usually (not always) the largest deflection on the ECG and is "spiky" in shape.

Deflections resulting from electrical activation of the ventricles are called QRS complexes, irrespective of whether they start with a positive (above the baseline) or a negative (below the baseline) deflection and whether they have one or more recognisable deflections within them.


The various components of the QRS complex however, are named on the basis of the following convention :
a) The first positive wave (above the baseline) is called r or R

b) Any second positive wave is called r' or R'

c) A negative wave that follows an r or R wave is called an s or S wave

d) A negative wave that precede an r or R wave is called a q or Q wave

e) An entirely negative wave is called a qs or QS wave

f) LARGE DEFLECTIONS are named with an appropriate CAPITAL letter and small waves with an appropriate small (lower case) letter.


The T wave represents electrical recovery (repolarisation) of the ventricular myocardium. It is a broad, rounded wave following the QRS complex.

The U wave may be due to slow replolarisation of the papillary muscles. Some causes include: Bradycardia, hypokalaemia and digoxin.

Note: For normal calibration, see article on "A systematic approach to ECG interpretation".

Project Make Simple ECG

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Ebook - Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)

Book Description:

This book summarizes the radiation physics knowledge that professionals working in medical physics need to master for efficient and safe dealings with ionizing radiation. It contains eight chapters, each chapter covering a specific group of subjects related to radiation physics and is intended as a textbook for a course in radiation physics in medical-physics graduate programs. However, the book may also be of interest to the large number of freeduan.com professionals, not only medical physicists, who in their daily occupations deal with various aspects of medical physics and find a need to improve their understanding of radiation physics.

The main target audience for this book is graduate students studying for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in medical physics, who haveto possess the necessary physics and mathematics background knowledge to be able to follow and master the complete textbook. Medical residents, technology students and biomedical engineering students may find certain sections too challenging or esoteric, yet they will find many sections interesting and useful in their studies.

Candidates preparing for professional certification exams in any of the medical physics subspecialties should find the material useful, and some of the material would also help candidates preparing for certification examinations in medical dosimetry or radiation-related medical specialties.

Numerous textbooks are available covering the various subspecialties of medical physics but they generally make a transition from the elementary basic physics directly into the intricacies of the given medical physics subspecialty. The intent of this textbook is to provide the missing link between the elementary physics on the one hand and the physics of the subspecialties on the other hand.

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Pressure Gauge

Pressure Gauge Manual



Digital Pressure Gauge

Bagi yang belum tahu, apa itu pressure gauge. Bisa lihat gambar di atas.


Pressure Gauge adalah tampilan tekanan yang sedang terukur. Pressure gauge ada yang secara digital dan manual.

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Ebook - The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 3rd Edition (Volume 2 & 3)

Joseph D. Bronzino, «Medical Devices and Systems (The Biomedical Engineering Handbook)»
CRC | ISBN 0849321220 | 3rd edition (April 19, 2006) | PDF | 120 Mb | 1376 pages

Joseph D. Bronzino, «Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs (The Biomedical Engineering Handbook)»
CRC | ISBN 0849321239 | 3rd edition (May 1, 2006) | PDF | 120 Mb | 1304 pages

The Biomedical Engineering Handbook enters its third edition as a set of three carefully focused and conveniently organized books. Reviewing applications at the leading edge of modern biomedical engineering, Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs explores transport phenomena, biomimetics systems, biotechnology, prostheses, artificial organs, and ethical issues.

The book features approximately 90% new material in the tissue engineering section, integrates coverage of life sciences with a new section on molecular biology, and includes a new section on bionanotechnology. Prominent leaders from around the world share their expertise in their respective fields with many new and updated chapters. Already referred to as the \"bible\" of biomedical engineering, the third edition of The Biomedical Engineering Handbook is even more vast in its scope and depth than the previous two editions. Ranging from the theoretical to state-of-the-art applications, this edition includes so much new and updated material that it has expanded from two volumes into a three-volume set.

The author again employs an interdisciplinary approach to the field. The second volume, Medical Devices and Systems has been updated to reflect the most recent advances in both research and practice in all pertinent fields. It authoritatively covers sensor and imaging technologies, signal analysis, medical instrumentation, and much more.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Volume 1 - Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals ISBN-0849321212 {Already posted earlier}
Volume 2 - Medical Devices and Systems ISBN-0849321220
Volume 3 - Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs ISBN-0849321239 Product Details Hardcover: 1304 pages Publisher: CRC; 3rd edition (May 1, 2006) Language: English ISBN-10: 0849321239 ISBN-13: 978-0849321238

Product Details Hardcover: 1376 pages Publisher: CRC; 3Rev Ed edition (April 19, 2006) Language: English ISBN-10: 0849321220 ISBN-13: 978-0849321221 Product Details Hardcover: 1560 pages Publisher: CRC; 3rd edition (April 14, 2006) Language: English ISBN-10: 0849321212 ISBN-13: 978-0849321214

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Ebook - Introduction To Biomedical Engineering

John Enderle / Susan M. Blanchard / Joseph Bronzino,
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, 2nd Edition

Academic Press | ISBN: 0122386620 | 2 edition (April 6, 2005) | 1144 pages | PDF | 24.3 Mb

Under the direction of John Enderle, Susan Blanchard and Joe Bronzino, leaders in the field have contributed chapters on the most relevant subjects for biomedical engineering students. These chapters coincide with courses offered in all biomedical engineering programs so that it can be used at different levels for a variety of courses of this evolving field.



Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition provides a historical perspective of the major developments in the biomedical field. Also contained within are the fundamental principles underlying biomedical engineering design, analysis, and modeling procedures. The numerous examples, drill problems and exercises are used to reinforce concepts and develop problem-solving skills making this book an invaluable tool for all biomedical students and engineers.



New to this edition:

Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics and Bioinformatics.

* 60% update from first edition to reflect the developing field of biomedical engineering
* New chapters on Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics, and Bioinformatics
* Companion site: intro-bme-book.bme.uconn.edu
* MATLAB and SIMULINK software used throughout to model and simulate dynamic systems
* Numerous self-study homework problems and thorough cross-referencing for easy use

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Biomedical engineering handbook - Joseph D.Bronzino

Title : Biomedical Engineering Handbook
Author : Joseph D. Bronzino
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN : 0 - 8493 - 0461 - X
PDF | 3189 pages | English

As we enter the new millennium, the prospects for the field of Biomedical Engineering are bright. Individuals interested in pursuing careers in this field continue to increase and the fruits of medical innovation continue to yield both monetary rewards and patient well being. These trends are reflected in this second edition of the Biomedical Engineering Handbook. When compared to the first edition published in 1995, this new two-volume set includes new sections on “Transport Phenomena and Biomimetic Systems” and “Ethical Issues Associated with Medical Technology”.
In addition, over 60% of the chapters has been completely revised, incorporating the latest developments in the field. therefore, this second edition is truly an updated version of the “state-of-the-field of biomedical engineering”. As such, it can serve as an excellent reference for individuals interested not only in a review of fundamental physiology, but also in quickly being brought up to speed in certain areas of biomedical engineering research.
It can serve as an excellent textbook for students in areas where traditional textbooks have not yet been developed, and serve as an excellent review of the major areas of activity in each biomedical engineering subdiscipline, such as biomechanics biomaterials, clinical engineering, artificial intelligence, etc., and finally it can serve as the “bible” for practicing biomedical engineering professionals by covering such topics as a “Historical Perspective of Medical Technology, the Role of Professional Societies and the Ethical Issues Associated with Medical Technology”. Biomedical Engineering is no longer an emerging discipline; it has become an important vital interdisciplinary field. Biomedical engineers are involved in many medical ventures.
They are involved in the design, development and utilization of materials, devices (such as pacemakers, lithotripsy, etc.) and techniques (such as signal processing, artificial intelligence, etc.) for clinical research and use; and serve as members of the health care delivery team (clinical engineering, medical informatics, rehabilitation engineering, etc.) seeking new solutions for difficult heath care problems confronting our society.
To meet the needs of this diverse body of biomedical engineers, this handbook provides a central core of knowledge in those fields encompassed by the discipline of biomedical engineering as we enter the 21st century. Before presenting this detailed information, however, it is important to provide a sense of the evolution of the modern health care system and identify the diverse activities biomedical engineers perform to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

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Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis: Volume 2: Segmentation Models Part B (Topics in Biomedical Engineering International Book Series)

Publisher: Springer; 1 edition
Language: English
ISBN: 0306486059
Paperback: 816 pages
Data: June 9, 2005
Format: PDF

Description: With rapid advancements in technology, body imaging or components thereof, have become ubiquitous in medicine. While the biomedical devices such as the MRI, CT, X-rays, Ultrasound, PET/SPECT and Microscopy etc, provide us with high resolution images, the challenges that have continued to confront us with, lie in the interpretation of the vast amounts of data generated by these devices. Biomedical applications are the bottom-line essentials in the diagnostic world. It is this diagnostic interpretation feature that forms the core niche for these books and will serve the needs of a broad spectrum of audience including researchers, research clinicians, and students. Together the three volumes will illustrate the role of the fusion of registration and segmentation systems for complete biomedical applications therapy delivery benefiting the biomedical doctors, clinical researchers, radiologists and others.

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Biomedical Engineering Books Collection

Academic Press - Handbook Medical Imaging Processing Analysis.pdf 22.16 Mb

Advanced Probability Theory for Biomedical Engineers - John D. Enderle.pdf 0.83 Mb

Analysis and Application of Analog Electronic Circuits to Biomedical Instrumentation-Northrop.pdf 4.20 Mb

Applied BioFluid Mechanics - Lee Waite and Jerry Fine.pdf 5.65 Mb

Artificial Organs - Gerald E. Miller.pdf 11.49 Mb

Basic Probability Theory for Biomedical Engineers - JohnD. Enderle.pdf 0.96 Mb

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology - G.D. Najafpour.pdf 8.18 Mb

Bioinstrumentation - John D. Enderle.pdf 4.74 Mb

Biomechanics Principles and Applications - Donald R. Peterson & Joseph D. Bronzino.pdf 10.65 Mb

Biomechanics Principles and Applications - Schneck and Bronzino.pdf 7.65 Mb

Biomedical Engineering Handbook - J.D.Bronzino.pdf 40.50 Mb

Biomedical EPR Part-B Methodology Instrumentation and Dynamics - Sandra R. Eaton.pdf 10.95 Mb

Biomedical Information Technology - David D. Feng.pdf 16.69 Mb

Biomedical Nanotechnology - Neelina H. Malsch.pdf 3.60 Mb

Biomolecular Sensing Processing and Analysis - Rashid Bashir and Steve Wereley.pdf 13.38 Mb

Biophotonics-Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century - Xun Shen.pdf 17.48 Mb

Bioreaction Engineering Principles - Jens Nielsen.pdf 19.55 Mb

Bioregenerative Engineering Principles and Applications - Shu Q. Liu..pdf 25.29 Mb

Biosignal and Biomedical Image Processing MATLAB based Applications - John L. Semmlow.pdf 4.22 Mb

Biosolids Engineering - Michael McFarland.pdf 9.94 Mb

Biotechnology for Biomedical Engineers - Martin L. Yarmush et al.pdf 3.58 Mb

Computational Methods for Protein Structure Prediction & Modeling V1 - Xu Xu and Liang.pdf 10.00 Mb

CRC Press - Biomedical Photonics Handbook.pdf 29.31 Mb

CRC Press - Biomedical Technology and Devices Handbook.pdf 60.00 Mb

Cytoskeletal Mechanics - Mofrad and Kamm.pdf 4.12 Mb

Dynamics of the Vascular System - John K.J. Li.pdf 12.31 Mb

E coli in Motion - Howard C. Berg.pdf 3.26 Mb

Engineering and Manufacturing for Biotechnology - Marcel Hofman & Philippe Thonart.pdf 16.00 Mb

Environmental Biotechnology - Jordening and Winter.pdf 7.52 Mb

Environmental Biotechnology - Theory and Application - G. M. Evans & J. C. Furlong.pdf 3.37 Mb

Genomics and Proteomics Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Metin Akay.pdf 9.19 Mb

Glossary of Biotechnology Terms - Kimball Nill.pdf 2.10 Mb

Image and Signal Processing for Networked E-Health Applications - Ilias G. Maglogiannis.pdf 4.81 Mb

Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology - Russell K. Hobbie & Bradley J. Roth.pdf 19.86 Mb

Intermediate Probability Theory for Biomedical Engineers - JohnD. Enderle.pdf 0.92 Mb

Introduction to Biomedical Engineering - John D. Enderle et al.pdf 34.21 Mb

Introduction to Statistics for Biomedical Engineers - Kristina M. Ropella.pdf 1.64 Mb

Java for Bioinformatics and Biomedical Applications - Bal and Hujol.pdf 18.66 Mb

Kluwer - Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis Vol.1.pdf 10.07 Mb

Kluwer - Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis Vol.2.pdf 24.61 Mb

Kluwer - Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis Vol.3.pdf 15.57 Mb

Laser-Tissue Interactions Fundamentals and Applications - Markolf H. Niemz.pdf 7.50 Mb

Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging - National Academy Press.pdf 8.67 Mb

Mathematics for Life Sciences and Medicine - Takeuchi Iwasa and Sato.pdf 2.63 Mb

Metabolic Engineering - T. Scheper and Jens Nielsen.pdf 1.76 Mb

Micro-Nano Technology for Genomics and Proteomics BioMEMs - Ozkan.pdf 9.91 Mb

Microarray Technology and Its Applications - U.R. Muller & D.V. Nicolau.pdf 23.71 Mb

Molecular and Cellular Signaling - Martin Beckerman.pdf 6.12 Mb

Nanofabrication Towards Biomedical Applications - C. S. S. R. Kumar.pdf 7.04 Mb

Nanomaterials and Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications - M. Reza Mozafari.pdf 2.87 Mb

Neutron Scattering in Biology - Fitter Gutberlet and Katsaras.pdf 10.43 Mb

Radiation Physics for Medical Physiscists - E.B. Podgorsak.pdf 12.31 Mb

Sensory Organ Replacement and Repair - Gerald E. Miller.pdf 12.13 Mb

Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals - Charles S. Lessard.pdf 7.12 Mb

The Physics of Coronory Blood Flow - M. Zamir.pdf 5.50 Mb

Therapeutic Micro-Nano Technology BioMEMs - Tejlal Desai & Sangeeta Bhatia.pdf 5.94 Mb

Tissue Engineering - John P. Fisher.pdf 13.38 Mb

Understanding the Human Machine - A Primer for Bioengineering - Max E. Valentinuzzi.pdf 2.55 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering - 6 Vol. Set.pdf 106.97 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 1.pdf 15.48 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 2.pdf 10.67 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 3.pdf 15.77 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 4.pdf 14.37 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 5.pdf 14.03 Mb

Wiley - Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation - Vol. 6.pdf 16.20 Mb

Total 65 Books 862.29 Mb

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http://www.filefactory.com/file/97d43e/ Part 10 80 MB

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Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis, Vol.1: Segmentation Models Part A

Publisher: Springer
Number Of Pages: 648
Publication Date: 2005-06-09
Sales Rank: 1729937
ISBN / ASIN: 0306485508
EAN: 9780306485503
Binding: Hardcover
Manufacturer: Springer
Studio: Springer

Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis: Segmentation Models (Volume I) is dedicated to the segmentation of complex shapes from the field of imaging sciences using different mathematical techniques. This volume is aimed at researchers and educators in imaging sciences, radiological imaging, clinical and diagnostic imaging, physicists covering different medical imaging modalities, as well as researchers in biomedical engineering, applied mathematics, algorithmic development, computer vision, signal processing, computer graphics and multimedia in general, both in academia and industry.

Key Features:
- Principles of intra-vascular ultrasound (IVUS)
- Principles of positron emission tomography (PET)
- Physical principles of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
- Basic and advanced level set methods
- Shape for shading method for medical image analysis
- Wavelet transforms and other multi-scale analysis functions
- Three dimensional deformable surfaces
- Level Set application for CT lungs, brain MRI and MRA volume segmentation
- Segmentation of incomplete tomographic medical data sets - Subjective level sets for missing boundaries for segmentation

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Ebook - Biomedical Information Technology - David Dagan Feng

The enormous growth in the field of biotechnology necessitates the utilization of information technology for the management, flow and organization of data. The field continues to evolve with the development of new applications to fit the needs of the biomedicine. From molecular imaging to healthcare knowledge management, the storage, access and analysis of data contributes significantly to biomedical research and practice.

All biomedical professionals can benefit from a greater understanding of how data can be efficiently managed and utilized through data compression, modelling, processing, registration, visualization, communication, and large-scale biological computing. In addition the book contains practical integrated clinical applications for disease detection, diagnosis, surgery, therapy, and biomedical knowledge discovery, including the latest advances in the field, such as ubiquitous M-Health systems and molecular imaging applications.

*The world’s most recognized authorities give their “best practices” ready for implementation

*Provides professionals with the most up to date and mission critical tools to evaluate the latest advances in the field and current integrated clinical applications

*Gives new staff the technological fundamentals and updates experienced professionals with the latest practical integrated clinical applications

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Fungsi Dari Infused Pump

Ada berbagai jenis infusion pump, dengan basic operasional menggunakan drop sensor dan volumetric sensor/ peristaltik sensor, yang digunakan untuk mengalirkan cairan , obat atau nutrisi ke  sistem peredaran darah pasien seperti insulin atau hormone lainnya, antibiotic, obat kemoterapi, dan penghilang rasa sakit dengan cara yang terkendali. Umumnya pada saluran intravena, lainnya saluran subkutan, arteri dan epidural infus.


Mengapa sih di rumah-rumah sakit sekarang ini cenderung lebih menggunakan infused pump daripada secara tradisional, memasang ampul infus hanya memanfaatkan gaya gravitasi

Beberapa alasannya adalah :

• Dengan air sensored, kita bisa memantau apabila ada aliran gelembung udara yang masuk dalam selang infus. Karena gelembung udara yang masuk pada pembuluh vena pasien sangat berbahaya bagi tubuh. Dalam dunia kedokteran disebut Emboli. Emboli merupakan sumbatan yang terjadi pada aliran pembuluh darah yang dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti: Gumpalan darah, Air ketuban, Lemak Kolesterol dan Udara. Emboli yang disebabkan oleh selang infus memang berbahaya karena saat masuk ke dalam pembuluh darah vena dan masuk ke jantung sehingga dapat menyebabkan timbulnya sumbatan di jantung dan menyebabkan gagal jantung. Namun udara yang berbahaya adalah udara yang berukuran o,5 ml atau lebih. Jika lebih kecil dari ukuran tersebut maka kemungkinan untuk terjadinya komplikasi sangat sedikit.
• Perawat akan diberitahu secara otomatis dengan peringatan alarm, apabila cairan infus pada botol infus sudah habis, maupun alarm apabila ada occlusion/ kebuntuan pada aliran infus, baik karena selang infus tertekuk atau karena ada sumbatan pada saluran pembuluh darah.
• Perawat bisa mengatur dosis cairan infus yang akan diberikan kepada pasien, terdapat fitur timer, dosis dan target obat yang akan diberikan, secara otomatis infus pump akan selesai beroperasional apabila target obat sudah tercapai. Tidak ada obat yang kurang atau berlebih dari dosis yang ditakarkan.
• Kita bisa memantau jumlah tetesan infus dengan adanya drop sensor. Jumlah total cairan yang sudah diterima pasien bisa dipantau. Monitoring saat visit perawat dan dokter pada perawatan pasien bisa didokumentasikan dan tercatat.
• Resiko klinis yang minimal, pasien tidak akan sering berganti-ganti titik jarum infus karena keluhan aliran infus macet, darah keluar dari selang infus, emboli udara, dll

Hal-hal di atas adalah beberapa alasan yang masuk akal. Dengan fitur alat yang lebih bagus, lebih banyak lagi yang bisa digali pada kelebihan pemberian infus melalui infused pump daripada secara tradisional metode gravitasi.

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Ebook - MRI in Practice

Title : MRI in Practice
Author : Catherine Westbrook , Carolyn Kaut
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
ISBN : 0 - 632 - 04205 - 2
PDF | 305 pages | English

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) is a rapidly expanding technology used in dagnostic radaiology. Detailed, high resolution images can be acquired in any plane with minimal discomfort to the patient. Due to its inherent safety and long-term cost effectiveness, MRI is likely to be dominant imaging modality in the future.

This new edition of "MRI in Practice" builds on the strengths of the previous edition. It continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to MRI for those who need to understand the essential concepts and integrate them into practice. This text explains in clear terms the theory that underpins magnetic resonance so that the capabilitis and operation of an MRI system can be fully appreciated.
Topics include basic principles such as image contrast, pulse sequences, safety and equipment as well as advanced techniques such as echo planar imaging.

A new chapter on advanced imaging techniques considers developing techniques including functional imaging, perfusion and diffusion.

This book is superbly illustrated with over 200 line drawings and images. Each chapter contains education aids, such as learning points and review questions to help students evaluate their understanding of the text.

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Ebook - MRI in Clinical Practice

Title : MRI in Clinical Practice
Author : AL BOVIK
Publisher: Springer
ISBN : 1 - 84628 - 161 - X
PDF | 150 pages | English

“MRI in Clinical Practice” provides an easily accessible source of reference material to supplement existing texts, distilling a wide breadth of theoretical and practical information into a pocket-sized manual. The book covers the basic Physics behind MRI, quality assurance, up-to-date safety guidelines and a useful gallery of image artefacts. Part of the book focuses on the specific areas of the body in which MRI is currently exploited, describing how MRI is performed in practice. As well as covering routine clinical techniques, the latest advanced methods (e.g. spectroscopy, fMRI, diffusion, high field MRI) are discussed and placed into the context of clinical application. Written from both a Physics and Radiological point-of-view, the book has a wide multidisciplinary appeal and is specifically targeted at MRI practitioners or trainees, as well as post-graduate students, physicists, radiographers and radiologists.

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Ebook - Diagnostic Ultrasound (Imaging and Blood Flow Measurement) - K. Kirk Shung

Title : Diagnostic Ultrasound_Imaging & Blood Flow Measurements
Author : K. Kirk Shung
Publisher: CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group ( 2006 )
ISBN-10: 0 - 8247 - 4096 - 3
PDF | 209 pages | English

Ultrasound imaging is one of the most important and widely used diagnostic tools in modern medicine, second only to the conventional x-ray. Although considered a mature field, research continues for improving the capabilities, finding new uses for ultrasound technology, and driving down the cost of newer, more complicated procedures such as intravascular ultrasound.

This book presents new developments, fundamental physics, instrumentation, system architecture, biological effects of ultrasound, and clinical applications that reflect this initiative.

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Medical Gas Part I

Instalasi Pengisian Gas Medis Secara Otomatis

Medical Gas ada bermacam-macam, tetapi hanya beberapa saja yang dipakai di Rumah Sakit, di antaranya :

- Oxygen (O2)
- Karbondioksida (CO2)
- Nitrogen (N2) - Nitrous Oxyde (N2O)
- Compressed Air (Gas Tekan)
- Suction Gas (Gas Hisap)

Semua gas medis tersebut ada dua media yang digunakan untuk sampai ke pasien. Ada yang melalui tabung transport ataupun melalui wall outlet terminal. Untuk tabung transport seperti halnya gas oksigen, harus menggunakkan O2 regulator sebelum diberikan ke pasien. Berfungsi untuk mengatur tekanan dan jumlah oksigen yang diberikan ke pasien.

O2 Flow Regulator

Nah, kalau gas medis yang berhubungan dengan alat kesehatan untuk membantu nafas pasien seperti halnya ventilator. Biasanya dihubungkan lewat outlet terminal, lihat gambar di bawah. Gas medis outlet sudah didesign sedemikian rupa dan diletakkan di samping tempat tidur pasien untuk lebih praktisnya. Pada terminal gas di dinding seperti ini, instalasi gas oksigen, gas tekan dan suction yang dipasang.

Wall Outlet Gas Terminal

Wall Outlet terminal gas yang diambil juga dari tabung transport yang diletakkan pada ruang tertentu dan disalurkan melalui instalasi gas medis yang ada.

Untuk produksi gas medis sendiri, sekarang sudah banyak perusahaan yang menawarkan instalasi untuk hal itu tetapi membutuhkan biaya yang sangat besar untuk investasi tersebut. Di Indonesia, Rumah Sakit kebanyakan berlangganan pada produsen gas untuk memesan gas medis ataupun instalasi dan tabung-tabungnya. Misalnya PT. Samator dan Aneka Gas.

Khusus untuk gas oksigen, sampai ke pasien ditampung dulu dalam O2 central dalam bentuk cair (liquid).

O2 Liquid Gas Central

Disambung lagi ya ...

Reference :

- Penggunaan Gas Medis Pada Sarana Pelayanan Kesehatan
(KepMenKes RI NOMOR 1439/MENKES/SK/XI/2002) Klik Sini

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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Part I

Apakah MRI ?
MRI atau Magnetic Resonance Imaging adalah suatu alat diagnostik teknologi tinggi yang digunakan untuk membuat visualisasi dari penampang tubuh manusia.

Mengapa dokter merujuk untuk melakukan MRI ?
MRI memberikan hasil yang diperlukan oleh dokter untuk menegakkan diagnosa atas penyakit yang diderita oleh pasien dan juga menentukan rencana pengobatan yang tepat sesuai dengan indikasi penyakit yang diderita oleh pasien

Apakah perbedaan antara MRI dengan CT scan ?
Hal-hal yang membedakan antara MRI dengan CT Scan - MRI tidak menggunakan sinar radiasi - MRI tidak memerlukan reposisi pasien - MRI memberikan gambaran detail anatomi yang lebih jelas MRI memiliki keunggulan pada pemeriksaan beberapa jaringan lunak

Apa sajakah keunggulan MRI ?
Keunggulan MRI adalah pada kemampuannya dalam pemeriksaan kelainan jaringan lunak, seperti :
MRI Otak : keunggulannya adala hkemampuan identifikasi yang tinggi untuk lesi-lesi white matter sehingga sangat baik untuk mendiagnosa ischemik, infark, infeksi, tumor dan pendarahan.
MRI Tulang belakang, untuk lesi medulla spinalis, intra canal, intra thecal, intervertebral disc, dan lain-lain
MRI Leher, pada kasus Nasopharyns, Oropharynx dan Larynx menjadi pilihan utama karena kemampuannya membedakan jaringan lunak.
MRI Muskuloskeletal, menilai lesi meniscus ligamentum, tendon, tulang rawan, ruang sendi, termasuk Temporomandibular joint
MRI Thorax, abdomen dan plevis, terutama untuk kelainan ginekologi pada wanita, prostat pada laki-laki serta buli-buli. Untuk Thorax dan abdomen, Multi Slice CT Scan memiliki ketajaman gambar yang lebih baik oleh karena adanya gerakan pernafasan / paru dan peristaltic usus
MR Angio, mempunyai keunggulan karena tidak adanya penggunaan bahan kontras untuk beberapa pemeriksaan
MRCP, untuk menilai saluran biliaris intra dan extra hepatis
MR Fungsional, untuk melihat fungsi cerebral/cortex cerebri
MR Urography, untuk melihat ginjal, ureter dan buli-buli tanpa pemberian kontras
MR Spektroscopy, digunakan untuk memebedakan lesi infeksi dan tumor pada peradangan otak
MRI Breast, untuk pasien dengan sudah teraba massa / benjolan

Adakah resiko pemeriksaan MRI ?
Pemeriksaan MRI aman dilakukan terkecuali untuk pasien yang menggunakan alat pacu jantung (pace maker), pasien dengan alat bantu dengar, pasien dengan alat/klip/protesa berupa logam yang dipasangkan pada bagian tubuhnya, pasien yang sedang menjalankan kemoterapi, pasien dengan pompa insulin, dimohon untuk melaporkan kepada dokter. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk meminimalkan hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan. Selain itu, penggunaan semua bahan logam termasuk di dalamnya perhiasan, kartu telepon, telepon genggam, jam tangan dan lain-lain harus dilepas sebelum masuk ke dalam ruang pemeriksaan. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa MRI tidaklah harus diutamakan atau menggantikan pemeriksaan radiologi lain, namun MRI hadir untuk melengkapi pemeriksaan yang ada sehingga diagnosa dapat ditegakkan dengan tepat.

Maka dari itu, diwajibkan tidak membawa hal-hal di bawah ini saat masuk Ruang MRI :

- Jam tangan
- Kartu kredit
- Kartu ATM
- Kunci atau gantungan kunci yang terbuat dari logam
- Bolpoin atau pensil yang ada unsur logamnya
- Ikat pinggang yang terbuat dari besi
- Testpen dan obeng
- Handphone
- Tabung O2, Etc


Note:
1 Tesla = 10.000 Gauss
1,5 Tesla = 15.000 Gauss
Medan magnet Bumi = 0.5 Gauss


Produk untuk MRI >> Magmedix

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